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Vietnam steers its defence industry away from Russia

• The country will host its first large-scale international arms trade fair as it expands its network

Francesco Guarascio and Khanh Vu Hanoi

Vietnam is eyeing a major defence shift as it seeks to reduce its reliance on Russian arms and launch a push to export locally made weapons, officials and analysts said, with possible buyers in Africa, Asia and potentially even Moscow.

The Southeast Asian nation is one of the world’s 20 biggest buyers of weapons amid onand-off tensions with China, with an annual budget for arms imports estimated at $1bn and set to grow, according to GlobalData, a provider of military procurement intelligence.

Most of that money has historically gone to Russia, which was for decades Vietnam’s main supplier of weapons and defence systems. That made Vietnam one of the top buyers of Russian arms, according to data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), which tracks global military expenditures.

But that is changing as Vietnam strives to become more self-sufficient and obtain advanced gear that Russia cannot provide. Vietnam also faces Western pressure to reduce arms purchases from Moscow amid its invasion of Ukraine, analysts said.

Instead, Vietnam is turning to suppliers from Europe, East Asia, India, Israel and the US, diplomats, officials and analysts said. It has boosted its domestic military industry with support from Israel and other partners, and hopes to export weapons, analysts and officials said.

Nguyen The Phuong, a defence researcher at Vietnam National University, said there had even been internal discussions in October about whether the country should sell weapons to Russia — though no decision on that was seen as imminent.

The Russian embassy in Hanoi and Vietnam’s defence and foreign ministries had no comment.

Starting Thursday, the country will host its first large-scale international arms trade fair, for which more than 170 companies from 30 countries have registered, the defence ministry said.

They include Western companies such as US defence contractor Lockheed Martin and France’s Nexter, and defence groups from Israel, India, Japan and the UAE.

The three-day event in Hanoi will help Vietnam “diversify procurement channels and sources of technologies to produce military equipment for the country’s armies and for exports”, the ministry said in November.

The country’s defence industry produces armed vehicles and light weapons, such as antitank rockets, grenade launchers and machine guns, Phuong said.

He said Vietnam had started to develop more hi-tech systems, including drones, radars and anti-ship missiles.

The defence ministry referred questions to the foreign ministry, which did not respond to requests for comment.

Last week, the defence ministry in its official newspaper said the Vietnamese stateowned military firm Z111 would exhibit pistols, machine guns, assault rifles and sniper rifles at the arms fair with the aim of exporting them. Dozens of Vietnamese defence firms, including army-controlled Viettel, will also showcase their wares.

The government and military companies do not publish data on sales.

Siemon Wezeman, senior researcher at SIPRI, said Vietnam’s known production capabilities were very limited, with only small reconnaissance drones having been delivered in the past decade, though the country has increased its capabilities for assembling radars, missiles and ships designed by foreign partners.

Possible buyers for small arms are likely to be Vietnam’s neighbour Laos and African countries, where Vietnam could offer competitive prices, said Ha Hoang Hop, a military procurement expert and visiting fellow at the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute in Singapore.

Phuong said Latin American countries and other Southeast Asian nations were other potential customers.

Half a dozen Russian defence firms are registered for the Hanoi fair, including Rosoboronexport, the state agency that imports and exports weapons.

Hop said Vietnam was negotiating possible deals to import satellites and other dual-use products from partners other than Russia.

That would accelerate a downward trend in imports of Russian weapons, whose value fell to just $72m last year (30% of overall imports) from a 2014 peak of $1bn, which that year was nearly 90% of the total, according to SIPRI.

Vietnam has in recent years bought military gear from new suppliers, including the US, Israel, the Netherlands and South Korea, SIPRI data shows.

With the war in Ukraine, Vietnam appears to have sped up diversification.

India, Israel and Eastern European countries are better positioned as alternative suppliers, because they can provide weapons compatible with the Russian systems that still account for 80% of Vietnam’s arsenal, analysts said.

For more advanced systems, manufacturers in the West or East Asia may also be potential suppliers, said Carl Thayer, an expert in Vietnam diplomacy at the Australian Defence Force Academy in Canberra.

INTERNATIONAL

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2022-12-08T08:00:00.0000000Z

2022-12-08T08:00:00.0000000Z

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